Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your November 25 shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the November 25 offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of November 25 at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a November 25? Wrong! If the November 25 is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about November 25 then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling November 25? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about November 25 and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your November 25 wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your November 25 then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the November 25 site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about November 25, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your November 25, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

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Events

• 1034 - Máel Coluim II of Scotland, King of Scots dies. Donnchad I of Scotland, the son of his second daughter Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne.
• 1120 - The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son of Henry I of England.
• 1177 - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard.
• 1491 - The siege of Granada, last Moors stronghold in Spain, begins.
• 1542 - Battle of Solway Moss. The English army defeats the Scottish.
• 1667 - A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha, Caucasia, killing 80,000 people.
• 1703 - The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the British Isles, reaches its peak intensity and maintains it through November 27. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people perish in the mighty gale.
• 1758 - French and Indian War: Kingdom of Great Britain forces capture Fort Duquesne from France control.
• 1758 - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is founded.
• 1783 - American Revolutionary War: The last Kingdom of Great Britain troops leave New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783).
• 1795 - Partitions of Poland: Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski of Poland, the last List of Polish rulers of independent Poland, is forced to abdication and exiled to Russia.
• 1809 - Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat), a British diplomat, mysteriously disappeared (or more likely murdered) in Perleberg.
• 1826 - The Greek frigate Hellas arrives in Nafplion to become the first flagship of the Hellenic Navy.
• 1839 - Cyclone slams India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying the port city of Coringa (never to be entirely rebuilt again). The storm wave sweeps inland , taking with it 20,000 ships and thousands of people. An estimated 300,000 deaths result from the disaster.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, United States forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate States of America troops under General Braxton Bragg.
• 1864 - American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
• 1867 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite.
• 1874 - The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
• 1876 - Indian Wars: In retaliation for the United States defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River (Montana).
• 1885 - Death of Mother Mary of the Immaculate Conception, CIC, first of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception (Louisiana), the second indigenous congregation of women in the Archdiocese of New Orleans.
• 1905 - The Danish Prins Carl arrives in Norway to become Haakon VII of Norway
• 1913 - Panama becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires Convention copyright treaty.
• 1918 - Vojvodina, former Austro-Hungarian crownland, proclaims its secession from this state to join the Kingdom of Serbia
• 1926 - The worst, deadliest tornado outbreak in U.S. November history strikes on Thanksgiving day. 27 twisters of great strength reported in the midwest, including the strongest November tornado, an estimated F4, that devastates Heber Springs, Arkansas. 51 deaths in Arkansas alone, 76 deaths and over 400 injuries in all.
• 1936 - In Berlin, Nazi-Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, thus agreeing to consult on what measures to take "to safeguard their common interests" in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation.
• 1940 - First flight of the deHavilland deHavilland Mosquito and Glenn L. Martin Company B-26 Marauder.
• 1941 - Finland joined the Anti-Comintern Pact.
• 1943 - Statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina was re-established at the AVNOJ.
• 1944 - World War II: A Germany V-2 rocket hits a Woolworths Group plc store in Deptford, UK, killing 160 shoppers.
• 1944 - World War II: Battle of Peleliu - At Peleliu, Palau, the United States forces led by the general officer William H. Rupertus defeat the Japanese army led by Colonel Kunio Nakagawa.
• 1947 - Second Red Scare: The "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted by Hollywood, California movie studios.
• 1947 - New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster 1931 and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.
• 1950 - The "Storm of the Century", a violent snowstorm, paralyzes the northeastern United States and the Appalachians, bringing winds up to 100 mph and sub-zero temperatures. Pickens, West Virginia records 57 inches of snow. 323 people die due to the storm.
• 1950 - The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War, sending thousands of troops across the Yalu river border to fight United Nations forces.
• 1952 - Agatha Christie's murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London and eventually becomes the longest continuously-running play in history.
• 1958 - French Sudan gains Autonomous entity as a self-governing member of the French Community.
• 1960 - The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic are assassination .
• 1963 - President John F. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1970 - In Japan, author Yukio Mishima and two compatriots commit ritualistic suicide after an unsuccessful coup attempt.
• 1973 - Greece President George Papadopoulos is ousted in a military coup led by Lieutenant General Phaidon Gizikis.
• 1975 - Suriname gains independence from the Netherlands.
• 1980 - No Más Fight: Sugar Ray Leonard regains the World Boxing Council world welterweight boxing title in a bout against Roberto Duran.
• 1984 - 36 top musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio and record Band Aid (band)'s Do They Know It's Christmas in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
• 1984 - A KCR train derails between Sheung Shui (KCRC) and Fanling (KCRC), Hong Kong.
• 1986 - Iran Contra Affair: US Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
• 1986 - The King Fahd Causeway was officially opened in the Persian Gulf.
• 1987 - Supertyphoon Nina pummels the Philippines with Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale winds of 165 mph and a surge that swallows entire villages. at least 1,036 deaths attributed to the storm.
• 1988 - German politician Rita Süssmuth becomes president of the Bundestag.
• 1992 - The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia from January 1, *1993.
• 1994 - Sony founder Akio Morita announces he will be stepping down as corporate executive officer of the company.
• 1996 - An Ice storm strikes the central U.S. killing 26 people. Powerful windstorm affects Florida, winds gust over 90 mph, toppling trees and flipping trailers.
• 2000 - 2000 Baku earthquake took place.
• 2002 - Reported assassination attempt on Turkmenistan president Saparmurat Niyazov.
• 2003 - The U.S. Court of Appeals (7thCir) issued its opinion in Assessment Technologies v. Wiredata, a copyright infringement case.
• 2005 - Ministry of National Defence (Poland) Radosław Sikorski opens Warsaw Pact archives to historians. Maps of possible nuclear strikes against Western Europe, as well as the possible nuclear annihilation of 43 Polish cities and 2 million of its citizens by Soviet Union-controlled forces, are released.

Births

• 1501 - Yi Hwang, Confucian scholar (d. 1570)
• 1562 - Felix Lope de Vega, Spanish playwright (d. 1635)
• 1577 - Piet Hein (Netherlands), Dutch naval commander and folk hero (d. 1629)
• 1609 - Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of England (d. 1669)
• 1638 - Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II of England (d. 1705)
• 1703 - Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784)
• 1712 - Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French philanthropist and developer of 'Signed French' (d. 1789)
• 1714 - Yoriyuki Arima, Japanese mathematician (d. 1783)
• 1778 - Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer (d. 1856)
• 1814 - Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (d. 1878)
• 1817 - John Bigelow, American statesman and author (d. 1911)
• 1835 - Andrew Carnegie, British-born industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919)
• 1841 - Ernst Schröder, German mathematician (d. 1902)
• 1843 - Henry Ware Eliot American industrialist, philanthropist and the father of T. S. Eliot (d. 1919)
• 1844 - Karl Benz, German engineer (d. 1929)
• 1845 - José Maria Eça de Queiróz, Portuguese novelist (d. 1900)
• 1846 - Carrie Nation, American temperance advocate (d. 1911)
• 1858 - Alfred Capus, French author (d. 1922)
• 1862 - Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin, American pianist and composer (d. 1901)
• 1869 - Ben Lindsey, American judge and social reformer (d. 1934)
• 1870 - Winthrop Ames, American theatrical director (d. 1937)
• 1874 - Joe Gans, American boxer (d. 1910)
• 1880 - Elsie J. Oxenham, British children's author (d. 1960)
• 1881 - Pope John XXIII (d. 1963)
• 1883 - Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic (d. 1939)
• 1883 - Merrill C. Meigs, American newspaper publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968)
• 1887 - Nikolai Vavilov, Russian physicist (d. 1943)
• 1890 - Isaac Rosenberg, English war poet and artist (d. 1918)
• 1895 - Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (d. 1991)
• 1895 - Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1979)
• 1895 - Helen Hooven Santmyer, American writer (d. 1986)
• 1896 - Virgil Thomson, American composer and music critic (d. 1989)
• 1897 - Willie "The Lion" Smith African American Jazz Pianist
• 1900 - Rudolf Hoess, commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp (d. 1947)
• 1901 - Arthur Liebehenschel, Commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp (d. 1948)
• 1902 - Eddie Shore, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1985)
• 1904 - Lillian Copeland, American athlete (d. 1964)
• 1904 - Ba Jin, Chinese novelist (d. 2005)
• 1904 - Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (d. 2000)
• 1907 - John Stuart Hindmarsh, British racing driver and aviator (d. 1938)
• 1913 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
• 1914 - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)
• 1915 - Augusto Pinochet, Chilean President (d. 2006)
• 1920 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (d. 2000)
• 1920 - Ricardo Montalbán, Mexican actor
• 1920 - Noel Neill, American actress
• 1922 - Gloria Lasso, French-Spanish singer (d. 2005)
• 1923 - Mauno Koivisto, former president of Finland
• 1924 - Takaaki Yoshimoto, Japanese poet, critic, and philosopher.
• 1926 - Jeffrey Hunter, American actor (d. 1969)
• 1926 - Poul Anderson, American writer (d. 2001)
• 1933 - Kathryn Grant, American actress
• 1940 - Reinhard Furrer, American physicist and astronaut (d. 1995)
• 1940 - Joe Gibbs, American football coach
• 1941 - Percy Sledge, American musician
• 1941 - Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi, Internationally renowned Spiritual Leader of Pakistan (d. 2001)
• 1942 - Bob Lind, American folk singer and songwriter
• 1944 - Ben Stein, American actor
• 1945 - George Webster, American football player (d. 2007)
• 1947 - Jonathan Kaplan, American filmmaker
• 1947 - John Larroquette, American actor
• 1948 - Jacques P. Dupuis, French Canadian politician
• 1951 - Bucky Dent, American baseball player
• 1951 - Bill Morrissey, American musician
• 1951 - Arturo Pérez Reverte, Spanish novelist and war reporter
• 1952 - Imran Khan, Pakistani test cricketer
• 1953 - Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron
• 1953 - Graham Eadie, Australian rugby league player
• 1956 - Hélène Goudin, Swedish politician
• 1957 - Bob Ehrlich, Jr., former Maryland governor
• 1959 - Charles Kennedy, British politician
• 1959 - Steve Rothery, British guitarist (Marillion)
• 1960 - Amy Grant, American singer
• 1960 - John F. Kennedy, Jr., American publisher (d. 1999)
• 1960 - Kasey Smith, American keyboardist
• 1962 - Gilbert Delorme, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1963 - Holly Cole, Canadian jazz singer.
• 1963 - Bernie Kosar, American football player
• 1964 - Mark Lanegan, American musician (Screaming Trees)
• 1965 - Cris Carter, American football player
• 1965 - Dougray Scott, Scottish television and film actor
• 1966 - Tim Armstrong, American musician (Rancid (band) and The Transplants)
• 1967 - Kazuya Nakai, Japanese voice actor
• 1967 - Gregg Turkington, American comedian (as Neil Hamburger) and musician
• 1968 - Jill Hennessy, Canadian actress
• 1968 - Erick Sermon, American rap music artist
• 1968 - Jacqueline Hennessy, Canadian actress and talk show host
• 1968 - Galin Nikov, Bulgarian pole vaulter
• 1969 - Anthony Peeler, American basketball player
• 1971 - Christina Applegate, American actress
• 1971 - Magnus Arvedson, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1973 - Erick Strickland, American basketball player
• 1976 - Donovan McNabb, American football player
• 1977 - Marcus Marshall, Australian racing driver
• 1978 - Shina Ringo, Japanese musician
• 1979 - Thea Gilmore, British songwriter
• 1979 - Brooke Haven, American porn star
• 1980 - Josh Lomberger, American professional wrestling backstage interviewer
• 1980 - Kushan Liyanarachchi, Prominent Live Buddhism Practitioner, Sri Lanka
• 1980 - Aaron Mokoena, South African footballer
• 1981 - Xabi Alonso, Spanish international footballer
• 1981 - Barbara Pierce Bush and Jenna Bush, daughters of George W. Bush and Laura Bush
• 1981 - Jared Jeffries, American basketball player
• 1983 - Kirsty Crawford, Scottish singer/songwriter
• 1984 - Gaspard Ulliel, French actor
• 1986 - Craig Gardner, English footballer
• 1986 - Amber Hagerman, American kidnapping and murder victim, basis of the Amber Alert system (d. 1996)
• 1986 - Katie Cassidy, American actress and singer
• 1987 - Joe Gatting, English footballer
• 1987 - Anwar Ali, Pakistan Under-19 Cricketer

Deaths

• 311 - Peter of Alexandria, Christian martyr
• 1034 - King Malcolm II of Scotland
• 1120 - William Adelin, son of Henry I of England (drowned) (b. 1104)
• 1185 - Pope Lucius III (b. 1097)
• 1326 - Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shogun (b. 1264)
• 1374 - Philip II of Taranto, Emperor of Costantinople (b. 1329)
• 1456 - Jacques Cœur, French merchant
• 1560 - Andrea Doria, Italian naval leader (b. 1466)
• 1626 - Edward Alleyn, English actor (b. 1566)
• 1686 - Nicolas Steno, Danish geologist (b. 1638)
• 1694 - Ismael Bullialdus, French astronomer (b. 1605)
• 1700 - Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native Mayor of New York (b. 1643)
• 1748 - Isaac Watts, British hymnwriter (b. 1674)
• 1755 - Johann Georg Pisendel, German musician (b. 1687)
• 1785 - Richard Glover, British poet (b. 1712)
• 1865 - Heinrich Barth, German explorer (b. 1821)
• 1881 - Theobald Boehm, German inventor of the modern flute (b. 1794)
• 1884 - Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818)
• 1885 - King Alfonso XII of Spain (b. 1857)
• 1885 - Thomas A. Hendricks, Vice President of the United States (b. 1819)
• 1920 - Gaston Chevrolet, French-born American race car driver and automobile pioneer (b. 1892)
• 1944 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis, American baseball commissioner (b. 1866)
• 1947 - Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet (b. 1876)
• 1948 - Kanbun Uechi, karate master (b. 1877)
• 1950 - Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Danish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (b. 1873)
• 1950 - Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finland-Sedish linguist and diplomat (b. 1873)
• 1959 - Gérard Philipe, French actor (b. 1922)
• 1965 - Dame Myra Hess, British pianist (b. 1890)
• 1968 - Upton Sinclair, American journalist, politician, and writer (b. 1878)
• 1968 - Paul Siple, American explorer of the Antarctic. (b. 1908)
• 1970 - Yukio Mishima, Japanese writer (b. 1925)
• 1972 - Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (b. 1886)
• 1973 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (b. 1928)
• 1974 - Nick Drake, British singer and songwriter (b. 1948)
• 1974 - U Thant, Burmese UN Secretary-General (b. 1909)
• 1978 - Elaine Esposito, American woman who hold the record for longest coma (b. 1934)
• 1981 - Jack Albertson, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1985 - Ray Jablonski, American baseball player (b. 1926)
• 1987 - Harold Washington, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1922)
• 1989 - Alva R. Fitch, American World War II and Korean soldier (b. 1907)
• 1997 - Monique Serf, French singer (b. 1930)
• 1997 - Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (b. ca. 1898)
• 1998 - Nelson Goodman, American philosopher (b. 1906)
• 1998 - Flip Wilson, American actor and comedian (b. 1933)
• 2001 - Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi, Internationally renowned Spiritual Leader of Pakistan (b. 1941)
• 2002 - Karel Reisz, Czech theater director (b. 1926)
• 2005 - George Best, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1946)
• 2005 - Richard Burns, English WRC champion (b. 1971)
• 2006 - Sean Bell, American shooting victim (b. 1983)
• 2006 - Luciano Bottaro, Italian comic book artist (b. 1931)
• 2006 - Leo Chiosso, Italian lyricist (b. 1920)
• 2006 - Valentin Elizalde, Mexican singer (b. 1979)
• 2006 - Phyllis Fraser, American actress, journalist and children's book publisher (b. 1916)

Holidays and observances

• Calendar of Saints - Saint Catherine of Alexandria; Elizabeth of Reute
• Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina: National Day (1943)
• Suriname - Independence Day (from the Netherlands, 1975)
• International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
• International Men's Day in Canada

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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Events

• 1034 - Máel Coluim II of Scotland, King of Scots dies. Donnchad I of Scotland, the son of his second daughter Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne.
• 1120 - The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son of Henry I of England.
• 1177 - Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard.
• 1491 - The siege of Granada, last Moors stronghold in Spain, begins.
• 1542 - Battle of Solway Moss. The English army defeats the Scottish.
• 1667 - A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha, Caucasia, killing 80,000 people.
• 1703 - The Great Storm of 1703, the greatest windstorm ever recorded in the British Isles, reaches its peak intensity and maintains it through November 27. Winds gust up to 120 mph, and 9,000 people perish in the mighty gale.
• 1758 - French and Indian War: Kingdom of Great Britain forces capture Fort Duquesne from France control.
• 1758 - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is founded.
• 1783 - American Revolutionary War: The last Kingdom of Great Britain troops leave New York City three months after the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783).
• 1795 - Partitions of Poland: Stanislaus II Augustus Poniatowski of Poland, the last List of Polish rulers of independent Poland, is forced to abdication and exiled to Russia.
• 1809 - Benjamin Bathurst (diplomat), a British diplomat, mysteriously disappeared (or more likely murdered) in Perleberg.
• 1826 - The Greek frigate Hellas arrives in Nafplion to become the first flagship of the Hellenic Navy.
• 1839 - Cyclone slams India with high winds and a 40 foot storm surge, destroying the port city of Coringa (never to be entirely rebuilt again). The storm wave sweeps inland , taking with it 20,000 ships and thousands of people. An estimated 300,000 deaths result from the disaster.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, United States forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate States of America troops under General Braxton Bragg.
• 1864 - American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
• 1867 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite.
• 1874 - The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
• 1876 - Indian Wars: In retaliation for the United States defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River (Montana).
• 1885 - Death of Mother Mary of the Immaculate Conception, CIC, first of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception (Louisiana), the second indigenous congregation of women in the Archdiocese of New Orleans.
• 1905 - The Danish Prins Carl arrives in Norway to become Haakon VII of Norway
• 1913 - Panama becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires Convention copyright treaty.
• 1918 - Vojvodina, former Austro-Hungarian crownland, proclaims its secession from this state to join the Kingdom of Serbia
• 1926 - The worst, deadliest tornado outbreak in U.S. November history strikes on Thanksgiving day. 27 twisters of great strength reported in the midwest, including the strongest November tornado, an estimated F4, that devastates Heber Springs, Arkansas. 51 deaths in Arkansas alone, 76 deaths and over 400 injuries in all.
• 1936 - In Berlin, Nazi-Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, thus agreeing to consult on what measures to take "to safeguard their common interests" in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation.
• 1940 - First flight of the deHavilland deHavilland Mosquito and Glenn L. Martin Company B-26 Marauder.
• 1941 - Finland joined the Anti-Comintern Pact.
• 1943 - Statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina was re-established at the AVNOJ.
• 1944 - World War II: A Germany V-2 rocket hits a Woolworths Group plc store in Deptford, UK, killing 160 shoppers.
• 1944 - World War II: Battle of Peleliu - At Peleliu, Palau, the United States forces led by the general officer William H. Rupertus defeat the Japanese army led by Colonel Kunio Nakagawa.
• 1947 - Second Red Scare: The "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted by Hollywood, California movie studios.
• 1947 - New Zealand ratifies the Statute of Westminster 1931 and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the United Kingdom.
• 1950 - The "Storm of the Century", a violent snowstorm, paralyzes the northeastern United States and the Appalachians, bringing winds up to 100 mph and sub-zero temperatures. Pickens, West Virginia records 57 inches of snow. 323 people die due to the storm.
• 1950 - The People's Republic of China joins the Korean War, sending thousands of troops across the Yalu river border to fight United Nations forces.
• 1952 - Agatha Christie's murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London and eventually becomes the longest continuously-running play in history.
• 1958 - French Sudan gains Autonomous entity as a self-governing member of the French Community.
• 1960 - The Mirabal sisters of the Dominican Republic are assassination .
• 1963 - President John F. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1970 - In Japan, author Yukio Mishima and two compatriots commit ritualistic suicide after an unsuccessful coup attempt.
• 1973 - Greece President George Papadopoulos is ousted in a military coup led by Lieutenant General Phaidon Gizikis.
• 1975 - Suriname gains independence from the Netherlands.
• 1980 - No Más Fight: Sugar Ray Leonard regains the World Boxing Council world welterweight boxing title in a bout against Roberto Duran.
• 1984 - 36 top musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio and record Band Aid (band)'s Do They Know It's Christmas in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
• 1984 - A KCR train derails between Sheung Shui (KCRC) and Fanling (KCRC), Hong Kong.
• 1986 - Iran Contra Affair: US Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
• 1986 - The King Fahd Causeway was officially opened in the Persian Gulf.
• 1987 - Supertyphoon Nina pummels the Philippines with Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale winds of 165 mph and a surge that swallows entire villages. at least 1,036 deaths attributed to the storm.
• 1988 - German politician Rita Süssmuth becomes president of the Bundestag.
• 1992 - The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia from January 1, *1993.
• 1994 - Sony founder Akio Morita announces he will be stepping down as corporate executive officer of the company.
• 1996 - An Ice storm strikes the central U.S. killing 26 people. Powerful windstorm affects Florida, winds gust over 90 mph, toppling trees and flipping trailers.
• 2000 - 2000 Baku earthquake took place.
• 2002 - Reported assassination attempt on Turkmenistan president Saparmurat Niyazov.
• 2003 - The U.S. Court of Appeals (7thCir) issued its opinion in Assessment Technologies v. Wiredata, a copyright infringement case.
• 2005 - Ministry of National Defence (Poland) Radosław Sikorski opens Warsaw Pact archives to historians. Maps of possible nuclear strikes against Western Europe, as well as the possible nuclear annihilation of 43 Polish cities and 2 million of its citizens by Soviet Union-controlled forces, are released.

Births

• 1501 - Yi Hwang, Confucian scholar (d. 1570)
• 1562 - Felix Lope de Vega, Spanish playwright (d. 1635)
• 1577 - Piet Hein (Netherlands), Dutch naval commander and folk hero (d. 1629)
• 1609 - Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of England (d. 1669)
• 1638 - Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II of England (d. 1705)
• 1703 - Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784)
• 1712 - Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French philanthropist and developer of 'Signed French' (d. 1789)
• 1714 - Yoriyuki Arima, Japanese mathematician (d. 1783)
• 1778 - Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer (d. 1856)
• 1814 - Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (d. 1878)
• 1817 - John Bigelow, American statesman and author (d. 1911)
• 1835 - Andrew Carnegie, British-born industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919)
• 1841 - Ernst Schröder, German mathematician (d. 1902)
• 1843 - Henry Ware Eliot American industrialist, philanthropist and the father of T. S. Eliot (d. 1919)
• 1844 - Karl Benz, German engineer (d. 1929)
• 1845 - José Maria Eça de Queiróz, Portuguese novelist (d. 1900)
• 1846 - Carrie Nation, American temperance advocate (d. 1911)
• 1858 - Alfred Capus, French author (d. 1922)
• 1862 - Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin, American pianist and composer (d. 1901)
• 1869 - Ben Lindsey, American judge and social reformer (d. 1934)
• 1870 - Winthrop Ames, American theatrical director (d. 1937)
• 1874 - Joe Gans, American boxer (d. 1910)
• 1880 - Elsie J. Oxenham, British children's author (d. 1960)
• 1881 - Pope John XXIII (d. 1963)
• 1883 - Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic (d. 1939)
• 1883 - Merrill C. Meigs, American newspaper publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968)
• 1887 - Nikolai Vavilov, Russian physicist (d. 1943)
• 1890 - Isaac Rosenberg, English war poet and artist (d. 1918)
• 1895 - Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (d. 1991)
• 1895 - Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1979)
• 1895 - Helen Hooven Santmyer, American writer (d. 1986)
• 1896 - Virgil Thomson, American composer and music critic (d. 1989)
• 1897 - Willie "The Lion" Smith African American Jazz Pianist
• 1900 - Rudolf Hoess, commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp (d. 1947)
• 1901 - Arthur Liebehenschel, Commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp (d. 1948)
• 1902 - Eddie Shore, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1985)
• 1904 - Lillian Copeland, American athlete (d. 1964)
• 1904 - Ba Jin, Chinese novelist (d. 2005)
• 1904 - Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (d. 2000)
• 1907 - John Stuart Hindmarsh, British racing driver and aviator (d. 1938)
• 1913 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
• 1914 - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)
• 1915 - Augusto Pinochet, Chilean President (d. 2006)
• 1920 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (d. 2000)
• 1920 - Ricardo Montalbán, Mexican actor
• 1920 - Noel Neill, American actress
• 1922 - Gloria Lasso, French-Spanish singer (d. 2005)
• 1923 - Mauno Koivisto, former president of Finland
• 1924 - Takaaki Yoshimoto, Japanese poet, critic, and philosopher.
• 1926 - Jeffrey Hunter, American actor (d. 1969)
• 1926 - Poul Anderson, American writer (d. 2001)
• 1933 - Kathryn Grant, American actress
• 1940 - Reinhard Furrer, American physicist and astronaut (d. 1995)
• 1940 - Joe Gibbs, American football coach
• 1941 - Percy Sledge, American musician
• 1941 - Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi, Internationally renowned Spiritual Leader of Pakistan (d. 2001)
• 1942 - Bob Lind, American folk singer and songwriter
• 1944 - Ben Stein, American actor
• 1945 - George Webster, American football player (d. 2007)
• 1947 - Jonathan Kaplan, American filmmaker
• 1947 - John Larroquette, American actor
• 1948 - Jacques P. Dupuis, French Canadian politician
• 1951 - Bucky Dent, American baseball player
• 1951 - Bill Morrissey, American musician
• 1951 - Arturo Pérez Reverte, Spanish novelist and war reporter
• 1952 - Imran Khan, Pakistani test cricketer
• 1953 - Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron
• 1953 - Graham Eadie, Australian rugby league player
• 1956 - Hélène Goudin, Swedish politician
• 1957 - Bob Ehrlich, Jr., former Maryland governor
• 1959 - Charles Kennedy, British politician
• 1959 - Steve Rothery, British guitarist (Marillion)
• 1960 - Amy Grant, American singer
• 1960 - John F. Kennedy, Jr., American publisher (d. 1999)
• 1960 - Kasey Smith, American keyboardist
• 1962 - Gilbert Delorme, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1963 - Holly Cole, Canadian jazz singer.
• 1963 - Bernie Kosar, American football player
• 1964 - Mark Lanegan, American musician (Screaming Trees)
• 1965 - Cris Carter, American football player
• 1965 - Dougray Scott, Scottish television and film actor
• 1966 - Tim Armstrong, American musician (Rancid (band) and The Transplants)
• 1967 - Kazuya Nakai, Japanese voice actor
• 1967 - Gregg Turkington, American comedian (as Neil Hamburger) and musician
• 1968 - Jill Hennessy, Canadian actress
• 1968 - Erick Sermon, American rap music artist
• 1968 - Jacqueline Hennessy, Canadian actress and talk show host
• 1968 - Galin Nikov, Bulgarian pole vaulter
• 1969 - Anthony Peeler, American basketball player
• 1971 - Christina Applegate, American actress
• 1971 - Magnus Arvedson, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1973 - Erick Strickland, American basketball player
• 1976 - Donovan McNabb, American football player
• 1977 - Marcus Marshall, Australian racing driver
• 1978 - Shina Ringo, Japanese musician
• 1979 - Thea Gilmore, British songwriter
• 1979 - Brooke Haven, American porn star
• 1980 - Josh Lomberger, American professional wrestling backstage interviewer
• 1980 - Kushan Liyanarachchi, Prominent Live Buddhism Practitioner, Sri Lanka
• 1980 - Aaron Mokoena, South African footballer
• 1981 - Xabi Alonso, Spanish international footballer
• 1981 - Barbara Pierce Bush and Jenna Bush, daughters of George W. Bush and Laura Bush
• 1981 - Jared Jeffries, American basketball player
• 1983 - Kirsty Crawford, Scottish singer/songwriter
• 1984 - Gaspard Ulliel, French actor
• 1986 - Craig Gardner, English footballer
• 1986 - Amber Hagerman, American kidnapping and murder victim, basis of the Amber Alert system (d. 1996)
• 1986 - Katie Cassidy, American actress and singer
• 1987 - Joe Gatting, English footballer
• 1987 - Anwar Ali, Pakistan Under-19 Cricketer

Deaths

• 311 - Peter of Alexandria, Christian martyr
• 1034 - King Malcolm II of Scotland
• 1120 - William Adelin, son of Henry I of England (drowned) (b. 1104)
• 1185 - Pope Lucius III (b. 1097)
• 1326 - Prince Koreyasu, Japanese shogun (b. 1264)
• 1374 - Philip II of Taranto, Emperor of Costantinople (b. 1329)
• 1456 - Jacques Cœur, French merchant
• 1560 - Andrea Doria, Italian naval leader (b. 1466)
• 1626 - Edward Alleyn, English actor (b. 1566)
• 1686 - Nicolas Steno, Danish geologist (b. 1638)
• 1694 - Ismael Bullialdus, French astronomer (b. 1605)
• 1700 - Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native Mayor of New York (b. 1643)
• 1748 - Isaac Watts, British hymnwriter (b. 1674)
• 1755 - Johann Georg Pisendel, German musician (b. 1687)
• 1785 - Richard Glover, British poet (b. 1712)
• 1865 - Heinrich Barth, German explorer (b. 1821)
• 1881 - Theobald Boehm, German inventor of the modern flute (b. 1794)
• 1884 - Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818)
• 1885 - King Alfonso XII of Spain (b. 1857)
• 1885 - Thomas A. Hendricks, Vice President of the United States (b. 1819)
• 1920 - Gaston Chevrolet, French-born American race car driver and automobile pioneer (b. 1892)
• 1944 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis, American baseball commissioner (b. 1866)
• 1947 - Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet (b. 1876)
• 1948 - Kanbun Uechi, karate master (b. 1877)
• 1950 - Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Danish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (b. 1873)
• 1950 - Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finland-Sedish linguist and diplomat (b. 1873)
• 1959 - Gérard Philipe, French actor (b. 1922)
• 1965 - Dame Myra Hess, British pianist (b. 1890)
• 1968 - Upton Sinclair, American journalist, politician, and writer (b. 1878)
• 1968 - Paul Siple, American explorer of the Antarctic. (b. 1908)
• 1970 - Yukio Mishima, Japanese writer (b. 1925)
• 1972 - Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (b. 1886)
• 1973 - Laurence Harvey, Lithuanian-born actor (b. 1928)
• 1974 - Nick Drake, British singer and songwriter (b. 1948)
• 1974 - U Thant, Burmese UN Secretary-General (b. 1909)
• 1978 - Elaine Esposito, American woman who hold the record for longest coma (b. 1934)
• 1981 - Jack Albertson, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1985 - Ray Jablonski, American baseball player (b. 1926)
• 1987 - Harold Washington, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1922)
• 1989 - Alva R. Fitch, American World War II and Korean soldier (b. 1907)
• 1997 - Monique Serf, French singer (b. 1930)
• 1997 - Kamuzu Banda, President of Malawi (b. ca. 1898)
• 1998 - Nelson Goodman, American philosopher (b. 1906)
• 1998 - Flip Wilson, American actor and comedian (b. 1933)
• 2001 - Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi, Internationally renowned Spiritual Leader of Pakistan (b. 1941)
• 2002 - Karel Reisz, Czech theater director (b. 1926)
• 2005 - George Best, Northern Irish footballer (b. 1946)
• 2005 - Richard Burns, English WRC champion (b. 1971)
• 2006 - Sean Bell, American shooting victim (b. 1983)
• 2006 - Luciano Bottaro, Italian comic book artist (b. 1931)
• 2006 - Leo Chiosso, Italian lyricist (b. 1920)
• 2006 - Valentin Elizalde, Mexican singer (b. 1979)
• 2006 - Phyllis Fraser, American actress, journalist and children's book publisher (b. 1916)

Holidays and observances

• Calendar of Saints - Saint Catherine of Alexandria; Elizabeth of Reute
• Public holidays in Bosnia and Herzegovina: National Day (1943)
• Suriname - Independence Day (from the Netherlands, 1975)
• International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
• International Men's Day in Canada

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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